Urinalysis is a broad term that encompasses various tests to evaluate the physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics of urine. A typical urinalysis includes assessments of color, clarity, pH, specific gravity, and the presence of substances like glucose, protein, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrites, and blood cells. It helps in the diagnosis of various conditions, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney diseases, diabetes, and liver disorders.

A urine culture is performed to identify and isolate the specific bacteria causing a urinary tract infection (UTI). This test helps healthcare providers select the appropriate antibiotic for treatment.

This test involves the microscopic examination of a urine sample to detect and quantify the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, crystals, and other solid elements present in the urine. It aids in the diagnosis of kidney stones, UTIs, and other urinary tract conditions.

In this test, a patient collects all urine produced over a 24-hour period. It is often used to measure the excretion of certain substances, such as creatinine, to assess kidney function, or to quantify the elimination of specific molecules, like protein or hormones.

A urine protein test measures the level of protein in the urine. Elevated protein levels may indicate kidney damage or other kidney-related disorders.

Creatinine is a waste product generated by muscle metabolism. A urine creatinine test measures the amount of creatinine excreted in the urine and helps assess kidney function.